Some IFOR Planning Realities
IFOR Had To Create An Intelligence Capability
- Relied on National Capabilities and Ad Hoc Arrangements
- US LOCE System for Dissemination/NATO Prototypes (CRONOS/PAIS)
- National Intelligence Cells/Intelligence Coordination Cell at the JAC
- Created Special Release Category (IFOR REL)
- Lacked “Soft Analysis” and Predictive Assessments Capabilities (Political, Economic, Intentions, Return to Normalcy,..)
Civil-Military Activities Viewed as Mission Creep By Military
- Little Military Pre-Coordination with NGO/IO Elements
- Lacked Common Civil Affairs Doctrine and Understanding
- Most Commander’s Not Familiar With Civil Affairs Role
- Civil Infrastructure Reconstruction (Power, Telecom, Water, Roads, Schools,…)
- Displaced Persons and Refugees
- Everywhere and Required Attention
- Opposing Faction Unwillingness to Let Refugees Return
- Ethnic and Religious Differences Strong and Volatile
- Law Enforcement (Police Not Trusted, Organized Crime)
- Communication With Local Population/NGOs/Government/Businesses
Ad Hoc Arrangements and Liaisons Dominated